The Five Pillars of Good Health
Health Dreams vs Reality 2: Training Recommendations for City Guys and Girls
In the first part of this little blog series Graeme Marsh, one of the few personal trainers who has spent over a decade working with desk bound workers in the City of London, talked about a few general recommendations for health and nutrition when working with the general population. It seemed only natural to expand this into the actual training aspect; what we do in the gym with our clients and why:
First up, to avoid attracting the barbed quills of keyboard-based trainers out there, we should qualify a few things about our typical clients. They are usually over 30, or more commonly over 40 and have more interest in their general health than they do achieving ‘X’ % body fat or ‘Y’ Kg Bench Press. Most of our clients, but not all, do very little ‘training’ on their own, but often enjoy recreational activity. These girls and guys are also really smart, and can smell the kind of bullshit the fitness industry likes to peddle from a mile off, so we keep it simple, direct, and straightforward. Our clients are the definition of the time poor professional, so the training and the advice we give is designed to work with their lives, not against it.
As with the previous post, I haven’t bothered to find references to back everything up. So-called ‘bro-science’ is very out of vogue these days and if you aren’t referencing ten papers per statement you now risk being ostracised for being ‘non-scientific’. I’m all for sports science, I even got an MSc in it 7 years ago, but as usual the pendulum has swung the other way and we are forgetting that training people in the real world is a long way from studying university students in a lab. I spent a lot of time when I was younger writing from a position where my academics outweighed my experience, but with over a decade in the city training clients now I feel confident that a combination of the two is a good place to come from. Besides, you won’t find many studies on how to train a 45 year old banker, so you’ll just have to trust me on some of this. However, that said, I’m reasonably confident most of these conclusions are borne out in what evidence there is.
- Most people do way more than they need to (particularly when starting out) and often way more than they should do when it comes to work sets. This is a double edged sword, not only does it seriously hinder recovery, it is inefficient, tiring, and usually done at the expense of other less-trendy fitness qualities (such as flexibility or endurance)
- There is too much focus on how much weight is lifted and not enough on how it is done. Unless you’re competing in a strength-based event, the actual number on the weights is merely a tool to measure progression. Effective muscle recruitment demands an attention to technique often missing in the average gym member.
- Much like nutrition, exercise is a lifelong habit, therefore long-term compliance to, and confidence in, your methods is of importance.
- It’s really fine to stretch people first. Really, it is. They aren’t about to leap up and try for a 1RM snatch or 30m sprint so if people have restricted range of movement in the hips and shoulders don’t expose their joints to risk by loading poor movements. I’ve been doing it for ages without seeing any negative effects, to the contrary I’ve seen good improvements in clients movements and self-reported feelings of improvement and progress through making flexibility a focus in those that need it. Combined with an appropriate warm up this way seems more effective at building better movements. Once these movements are well established, less work is needed to maintain them.
- The Tabata protocol is misunderstood, overused, and under delivers. If they aren’t on a wattbike hitting 170% of Vo2 max, then it isn’t ‘Tabata’ -Swings and Planks don’t cut it. Conventional interval training, adjusted to target the desired energy system, is though far more time efficient than steady state training both for fitness and body composition. This doesn’t mean that we should discourage people from doing any exercise that they actually enjoy and feel the benefits from. A bit of lower intensity CV work or recreational sport should be encouraged and most people are more likely to do this anyway.
- I prioritise high intensity weight training with female clients, but I do so because it is the thing they are least likely to do on their own due to the atmosphere in most weight rooms around the city.
- The fitter and stronger the client, the better the tolerance of both intensity and volume (and greater the need for adequate recovery when working at higher levels). You’d think this common sense but you still see people with a 4 week training history being pushed to max rep deadlifts……that’s a lawsuit waiting to happen
- Train their arms directly. I know, I know, chins train the arms – if you can do them for sets with good form. Most people can’t – so, if you want to get stronger and better looking guns start close grip pressing and barbell curling. How curls ever got relegated in favour of ‘functional’ training I’ll never know.
- Speed of movement is a really effective training variable when followed, but some people just don’t have the attention span. Slow and Fast works for them. Pick your battles.
- Timing rest periods is a fundamental of any competent trainer or trainee. If you aren’t timing your rest periods then you may as well use random weights and reps for every set too.
- Single Leg and Single Arm stuff can be great, but it doubles workout time and therefore reduces workout efficiency by 50%. I tend to use it sparingly and generally when people are starting out. So-called ‘unstable surface’ training is pointless and ineffective.
- Making someone ‘really sore’ should not be used as a reference for the quality of the training session (same goes for making someone throw up).
- The Good Morning has to be one of the most underrated exercises out there for people who spend ages at desks and on planes.
- Unless competing in a strength contest, your primary goal with resistance training is to recruit muscle effectively. Too often the movement and the load are given priority over the muscles used to achieve it. This is training for injury not injury prevention.
- It’s better to use exercises with short learning curves. You can often achieve the same results but with less time spent mastering technique than using more complex movements.
- Sure, full squats and deadlifts are great, but new clients have a whole training life ahead of them so don’t feel like they have to be doing those movements from week 1, especially as most people who’ve spent 20 years at a desk will lack the muscle recruitment and movement patterns to perform them in a way that doesn’t make my teeth hurt when watching. Set an effective foundation from the start so when they start with the big movements they can experience success long-term.
- Continually working to failure week-in, week-out is probably the fastest way to stall someone’s training. Time spent mastering reps at a level close to but below technical failure (or as Ian King coined the term, their ‘Technical Limit’) builds confidence and volume at higher loads. Cluster training is brilliant for this as is Progressive Wave Loading.
- Periodisation in it’s purest form is great for Olympians but a sledgehammer to crack a walnut for average city folks. Life itself provides a ton of natural variation. Have a basic idea of what qualities you want to focus on but be prepared to moderate/increase/reduce dependent on nutrition/rest/stress/mood.
- As far as periodisation goes, we will sometimes focus on one quality more than another, but rarely at the total expense of another. Generalised training outcomes (lose weight, tone up etc) don’t require overly specific means.
- Measures of health tend to mean more to us than measures of ‘gym fitness’ ie: body fat %, strength in certain lifts, or overall muscular size.
- When people say their ‘core is weak’ they really mean ‘my back is weak and my glutes need to start working for me’. I barely do any ‘abdominal’ work with people, but we do a ton of back strengthening, particularly before we start squatting or deadlifting heavy. See earlier point on the Good Morning.
- Most guys aren’t as obsessed about ‘getting big’ as the fitness industry itself is.
- If someone struggles to even get to sessions on time due to work and life commitments, don’t bother trying to get them taking supplements – it’s a waste of your time and their money.
- Yoga movements make brilliant warm ups, they’ve now become known as ‘dynamic warm ups’ in an American rebrand.
- Every now and then mix it up and reverse ‘conventional’ exercise order, it creates a stimulus for adaptation and prevents imbalances in training developing.
- High volume workouts tend to leave people too wiped out to go back to their desk, let alone come back and train two days later. Use volume sparingly as it will create a ‘recovery hole’ quicker than other programme variables. Doing large amounts of sets in one line of movement also requires balance with others and this can be difficult to achieve on 2-3 x week schedules. It doesn’t mean I never use it, but right place, right time is key.
- City workers tend to work late, sleep late and poorly, drink regularly, and have high stress loads, but by some sort of Darwinian career choice they seem to thrive on this far better than most. Experiment to find the right balance of volume and intensity for each client. Women tend to tolerate greater volumes but this may be because they generally tend to spend less time training near their max. Performance can ebb and flow, tweak routines accordingly, sacrifice volume before anything else (both in terms of resistance training and interval/energy system work).
- You don’t get to work in a highly paid city job where you can hire an expensive personal trainer twice a week without knowing a thing or two about determination, dedication, and motivation. But, they may not find exercising as fun or interesting as a PT does. It is the trainers job to bridge the gap and find a way to keep the client well-informed, accountable and motivated. Results are a good place to start, as is accurate empathy, honesty, and integrity. The ‘best’ way may not always be what the textbooks, training courses, or even people like me on the internet tell you it is. Find your own path.
Most of this is common sense but quite a bit of it seems to go in the opposite direction to what is currently popular within the fitness industry and media, so that’s about it before this turns into more of an essay than a blog post. . As the Philosopher John Locke said “I will not deny, but possibly it might be reduced to a narrower Compass than it is; and that some Parts of it might be contracted: The way it has been writ in, by Catches, and many long Intervals of Interruption, being apt to cause some Repetitions. But to confess the Truth, I am now too lazy, or too busy to make it shorter.”
You can read the first instalment of this series here: http://www.foundryfit.co.uk/blog/healthdreamsvsreality/
Health in the City: Dreams vs Reality
I recently went back to the city law firm where I gave my first ever talk here on nutrition and training, almost ten years ago and while the faces are different the questions tend to remain the same.
The public now seem more confused than ever, and it isn’t just them – the over-sciencing of nutrition by those seeking to become gatekeepers of information on this topic is making the waters more muddied instead of less. Meanwhile, the obesity bandwagon marches on, with British women on target to be fatter than American men by 2030.
As with most things Occams Razor can be applied to 99% of nutritional and weight loss cases. Very rarely is their problem down to some kind of spurious ‘imbalance’ or a deficiency in some sort of magical amino acid. In fact, all too often it is their psychology that we need to consider ahead of their physiology in all but the more extreme clinical cases involving specific and diagnosed pathology.
Looking at the folks I’ve worked with here in the City for over a decade now I’ve come to a few fairly solid conclusions. These have been borne out by practical experience rather than studying the books, although I’m reasonably confident that current research into the psychology of behaviour change will back most, if not all of them up.
- Compliance is everything. Consider this first. The likelihood of someone’s ability to change their behaviour to your recommendations is directly related to their perceived ability to do it. If it all sounds too much like hard work then it isn’t likely to happen at all. Personality type is rarely ever considered, but for example, entrepreneurial and very creative people struggle with organised routines requiring high levels of self control, whereas a highly organised lawyer or trader may seek that exact approach.
- Where and how people eat is as important as what and why. The first two tell you a lot about the reasons behind the latter two. Changing diet is about changing habits, eating in front of the TV and social eating are two environments prone to overindulgence, irrespective of actual hunger. Look at where and how people eat first.
- Sleep and recovery drive the ability to train and eat well. Without good sleep both our food and training suffer. It builds reliance on sugar and stimulants, reduces work capacity, impairs how we feel and function, and generally makes us feel crap. It is the first and easiest way to break people down by depriving them of sleep. If sleep is poor then fix it first and if prone to long days travelling then build in strategies to help deal with it.
- Temptation is the hardest thing to avoid and all too often clients are faced with the temptation to drink and eat when if left to their own devices they probably wouldn’t. Try to build in some solid plans of action for when these scenarios come up “If we go for drinks I”ll keep to non-alcoholic till I’ve eaten” or “I’lll ask for a vegetable option instead of chips or pasta”. Keep away from the unhealthy choices, if there is cake in the office, keep it in the kitchen rather than next to your desk where you are more likely to succumb to a piece (and if you are breaking a diet, you’ll probably go right off the rails and have several).
- ‘Dieting’ requires almost constant conscious thought and willpower to maintain, only those with the highest motivation and strictest level of self control are likely to stick to them. Those who fail tend to gain back more weight than they started with. Instead look at simple habits that over the course of a longer period of time (think in terms of months and years rather than weeks) that can be more beneficial. For example, trying to just give up bread consumption can often be achieved and often can bring great results. Once ‘not eating’ something becomes a habit it is much easier to maintain.
- Use simple and easy methods of tracking weight and body. No need for complex measurement systems, regularly measure weight and waistline and you won’t go far wrong. Unless you are preparing for a competition – and even then, how you look will be more important than any numbers on a chart. For my clients in the city I am more interested in their blood lipids, resting heart rate, and blood pressure as a guide to their health.
- Seek out habits that bring happiness. Dieting is miserable, just ask any pre-comp figure athlete or bodybuilder. Instead look for habits that make you happy and your capacity for improving your food and lifestyle will raise too. Dancing, walking the dog, playing sport, or simply taking a stroll with a friend – they may not burn the same calories as an hour of interval training but they bring many other far more wider ranging benefits (and are a lot more fun too!).
- Give yourself a break, you don’t have to eat cake every day but you’re far more likely to stick to your habits if you know that in a couple of days you are out with friends and able to relax and enjoy a piece of cake with them then. This has been proven time and again to be a more effective strategy than total abstinence. It is naive of any trainer working with the population that I do to think that they will live saintly in your absence. They will more likely just hide this information from you, especially if it is received with condescension and a telling-off. Work with what you have got, find solutions WITH the clients that they feel confident and happy to try and over the longer-term you’ll see a progressive improvement in health, fitness, and happiness.
We’ve been working with these approaches for years now at The Foundry, and while we may not specialise in putting people on stage in their swimwear, we do know how to ensure that our clients go to their medicals and achieve results that would look good for people half their age. As with anything, there are universal truths about training and nutrition, but how you communicate these will often need to be measured and delivered differently.
There is no one right-way, though there are many wrong ways. As a trainer, I look for every little win and I am sure to do my best to highlight it and focus on it with the intention of creating a habit. I am also realistic about the lifestyles my clients lead and believe that the first stage to achieving better health is an honest appraisal of current health and a desire to want to improve that, without that well-intended advice is too often wasted.
Seven Top Tips For Training In-Season
Foundry Director Graeme Marsh was recently asked to put together his top tips for training in-season by the excellent rugby resource website FindRugbyNow. For the original article, please go to and please find a copy of this article syndicated below.
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I was recently asked by a new member at our East London training centre, Foundry:east, to take a look at his current training programme, which he had downloaded from the internet.
I was curious as it was the very definition of high volume with over 30 sets of work per workout, but ever the diplomat I asked, “How are you getting on with this?”. He replied, “Man, it is wiping me out. I can’t do anything after it and I’m knackered before the game even starts”.
It wasn’t that it was necessarily a bad training programme. In fact, if he had been a 22-year-old bodybuilder on anabolic steroids looking to add serious mass, then he probably would have seen some good progress on it.
What it did, however, was illustrate perfectly how you need to adjust training programmes during the season to reflect the demands that field training, games, and life in general can have on the body.
- Do less to get more: It is unrealistic to expect to be able to sustain a high-volume programme during the competitive season. Game and practice time will make recovery from long, high volume training sessions near on impossible for all but the most hormonally blessed players. The actual amount of work needed to develop strength and power is lower than many think, but the intensity is key.
- Put your effort where it brings the best returns: To develop or maintain strength concentrate on the intensity of your lifts. The bulk of your time should be spent on movements that target the high-threshold motor units (key for strength and speed) and recruit the most muscle. To do this incorporate a mixture of plyometric movements (jumps, bounds etc), olympic style movements (clean pulls, Snatch pulls etc) with high-intensity loads in the big lifts (below 6 reps per set) as the mainstay of your training. Game and training time should keep pre-season fitness, but if not, keep CV work low in volume and energy system specific.
- Let your recovery dictate your training: If you had a hard game, took a lot of hits and played a full 80 minutes then you may need longer recovery before hitting the weights. Similarly if you only had a run out for the last 15 minutes then you may be able to hit the gym monday morning feeling fresh. Be flexible in your week to week planning and adjust what you do to match your ability from week to week. If you feel tired and beat up, take a sauna and then stretch, you’ll feel the benefit and come back fitter and stronger. Too many guys are emotionally attached to their training and determined to keep lifting like a full-time bodybuilder through the competitive season.
- Listen to your body and watch for signs of overtraining: Too much work with inadequate recovery will eventually lead to overtraining, which can take a long time to fully recover from. If you start to see weights going down from week to week, every weight (even the empty bar) starts to feel heavy, if sleep is poor and you wake up feeling heavy and tired after a full 8 hours, and you feel performance during the games suffering then you need to check that your training isn’t contributing to this. Don’t be afraid to build recovery weeks in to your training, so few people actually do this for fear of suddenly getting weaker or smaller, where the opposite is more likely to happen as the body gets time to rest and adapt.
- Keep things simple: The aim of your gym session is not to try to spend a load of time and effort on pointless ‘sport-specific’ exercises that are currently popular in the fitness media. Wobbling about on Bosu balls or doing the latest ‘functional’ craze is merely a waste of time that could be spent actually getting stronger or stretching and recovering from the weekend’s game. Stick to the fundamental movements of deadlifting, squats, presses, pulls, and rows and you won’t go far wrong.
- Put recovery methods in your training: Stretching is practically impossible to do too much of, but it is the most neglected aspect of most people’s training. A lack of adequate flexibility will lead to increased risk of injury, muscle imbalances, and a lack of any real progress in training. Being big and strong is pointless if your hips are so tight that your speed is impacted negatively and your lower back exposed to increased injury risk. The current trend is to only stretch after having done the rest of your training, but this means that stretching is generally done poorly, with minimal focus and therefore negligible results. Ideally dedicate separate time to stretching work as it can be done anywhere, but if time is an issue (which for most it is) we tend to do it first.
- Work with a trainer who knows their stuff: If you can then invest in some time with a professional coach who understands how to design training programmes for you that will address the above points. It isn’t rocket science, in fact it is largely common sense. Having a good coach will give you accountability, external feedback, guidance on correct technique, and someone who can monitor your training performance allowing you to concentrate on simply training hard and recovering effectively. Our team at Foundry:east specialise in working with active busy professionals on this, you can find out more at www.foundryfit.co.uk.
Many factors can impact on finding the right routine that works best for you. These include: age, nutrition, sleep, stress, work, relationships, hormonal status, training age, playing position, level of competition, etc. All of these factors can all have an influence and should be considered when designing a training plan.
East London Women’s Rugby Club scores help from RBS

Neil Rudge (front row, right) presents the RBS sponsorship cheque to East London WRFC Chairman Dave Thomas (front row, left), Fiona Pocock Head Coach and the ladies team
January 2013 – East London’s newest women’s rugby club has received financial sponsorship from The Royal Bank of Scotland as it looks to capitalise on increased interest in the sport from the local community.
The club, East London Women’s Rugby Club (EL WRFC), is based a stone’s throw from the Olympic Park in West Ham and was started in 2012. Run by Dave Thomas, chairman of The East London Woman’s Rugby Football Club, and Fiona Pocock, England international rugby star and now coach of the new women’s team, it shares its ground with its male counterpart, East London Rugby Club. The club has long been connected with promoting equality in sport and giving back to the community and was the base of the world’s first openly gay and bisexual friendly rugby team – The Kings Cross Steelers.
Interest in women’s rugby has gained momentum in recent years – thanks in no small part to the success of Pocock’s England team – and is one of the fastest growing participation sports in the country. The RFU, governing body of rugby union in England, says that more than 13,500 women and girls now play ruby regularly – an 87% increase since 20041. With woman’s rugby confirmed as an Olympic event for 2016, EL WRFC is hoping to help grow the game’s popularity among young women in the heart of London. With 25 members already on the books of the club, the money from RBS will be utilised to purchase new equipment and help promote the side as well as raise awareness of the game among the local community.
Fiona Pocock, head coach of EL WRFC, said “I obviously love the game of rugby and am privileged to play for my country. It’s a fantastic sport for a number of reasons. It helps with your health, your self-belief and your self-discipline as well as much, much more. I jumped at the chance to work with Dave and coach the girls here. It is something I’ve always wanted to do, and it wouldn’t have been possible without the funding from RBS. The main focus for us right now is to grow the club’s numbers, to give the chance to women from all walks of life, from right here in West Ham, to those working in The City. We feel it is important to make rugby accessible for as many women as we can. Local universities have already provided a number of new joiners and with the help from RBS and the local council, I’m proud to see the club and the game continuing to grow.”
Dave Thomas, director of health and fitness business The Foundry and a trustee of the rugby charity School of Hard Knocks, a social inclusion scheme that uses the game of rugby to teach participants crucial life lessons and core values, has seen first-hand how sport can help a community, he commented; “Having played rugby all my life, I’ve been part of many teams throughout the UK, and with my previous work with School of Hard Knocks, have seen how much good the game can do for a community. As soon as this opportunity arose, I got in touch with Fiona and with the financial help from RBS we began this journey to help women play a sport we believe is not just fun to play but teaches you valuable skills that can be utilised in everyday life. We are absolutely delighted that RBS have chosen to support our ambitions – without them none of it would be possible.”
The RBS involvement was spearheaded by Neil Rudge, Managing Director, London Client Coverage who said; “Rugby has always been a sport associated with the bank, given our sponsorship of the 6-nations, but we are always looking for ways to help local communities and rugby clubs are a fantastic way of doing so. The team at EL WRFC are the sort of passionate individuals who we love to work with. They share our goal of giving back to local people who may not have the opportunities available to others. Not only is the club situated in the centre of Olympic territory, but being so close to the City – a place where open sporting fields are so difficult to come across – it is a fantastic place for people from diverse walks of life to come together and participate in a healthy atmosphere. We are absolutely thrilled to be helping the women’s game in the area, to be working with the club and with Fiona, and we are excited about the club and the sport in general continuing to grow.”
End
Notes to editors:
- Stats taken from official website of the RFU http://cms.rfu.com/takingpart/choose_play/womenandgirls
About RBS Corporate & Institutional Banking
RBS Corporate & Institutional Banking (CIB) is part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS).
CIB is dedicated to supporting corporate customers as they drive their businesses forward and we do so through a combination of sector expertise, a leading product range and a first class relationship management service. CIB provides a fully integrated corporate banking proposition to UK companies and institutions with an annual turnover in excess of £25m. Products include deposits, lending, risk management, trade, cash and trade management, specialist asset and invoice financing. CIB employs over 2,000 people in the UK including over 650 front line staff across the UK in 24 regional offices. For more information please see www.rbs.co.uk/corporate.
For further information please contact:
Erfan Hussain, RBS Media Relations
Tel: 020 7672 1939
Email: erfan.hussain@rbs.co.uk
Chris Wilson, Citigate Dewe Rogerson
Tel: 020 7282 1087
Email: christopher.wilson@citigatedr.co.uk
Olympian Christine Ohuruogu chooses The Foundry as her strength & conditioning gym
29 December 2012
Foundry:east, located in the Olympic borough of Newham, is chosen as the new training facility for GB Athlete Christine Ohuruogu
Foundry Studios is delighted to announce that Great British Athlete Christine Ohuruogu, 400m Gold and Silver medallist at the Beijing and London Olympics respectively, has chosen Foundry:east, an independent high performance and group training facility, as her new training centre.
Based in her home borough of Newham in east London, Christine will be using the high performance strength and conditioning gym twice a week as part of her professional athletic training.
Graeme Marsh, Director of Foundry Studios said:
We are incredibly excited and privileged to be able to support Christine in her continued development as a successful international athlete.
At Foundry:east, our ambition was to bring high quality training to international athletes and the general population alike and support the Olympic legacy within the borough of Newham. Today’s announcement is a great step in confirming our success in achieving this.
Christine Ohuruogu said:
Foundry:east fulfils all my strength and conditioning training requirements as an international professional athlete. I could not believe a performance facility of such high quality was right on my doorstep.
Following a short break after the London Olympics, I am incredibly excited about starting my training at this new facility and to support this local business based in my home borough of Newham.
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For more information please contact:
| Foundry Studios |
Helen Thomas
020 3417 0469
07973 511 942
NOTES TO EDITORS
FOUNDRY:EAST
Foundry:east is a group training and sports performance training facility located between Canary Wharf and the Olympic Park in West Ham, offering fitness classes, courses, athletic training, personal training and seminars.
With its 1500 sq ft weightlifting gym, 3G replica grass astro pitch, 100 seater seminar/studio, access to 15 hectares of green parkland and a large car park, Foundry:east helps its members to improve all areas of fitness through top quality tuition and challenging routines where performance is the ultimate goal.
For more information about Foundry Studios and Foundry:east, please go to www.foundryfit.co.uk and www.foundryfit.co.uk/foundry-east






